End Marks . ? !

OBJECTIVES:: The student will be able to:; 1. List different types of sentences most commonly used.; 2. Describe the use of the three basic punctuation marks used to end sentences -- the period, the question mark, and the exclamation point.; 3. Choose the correct punctuation mark to end a variety of sentences.

ENERGY OBJECTIVES:: The student will be able to:; 1. Explain heat losses and heat gains through window glass.; 2. Describe types of glass and windows that can increase a home's energy efficiency.

LESSON INFORMATION:: Most sentences used in business writing are either statements, commands, or requests. The type of sentence usually dictates the type of end mark needed. See EXAMPLE 1.; a. Statements -; This is a sentence stating fact or giving information. Statements are also called declarative sentences. They end with a period.; b. Commands -; Commands or orders usually end with a period. Occasionally a command that contains much emotion may end with an exclamation point.; c. Requests -; Polite requests usually end in a period. While they imply a question, the speaker does not expect an answer.; d. Questions may also be used in business writing.; Sentences that require answers are considered questions and may be called interrogative sentences. They end in a question mark.

EXAMPLE 1:: a. Windows are the thermal weak spots of a home. Up to 15 times more heat is lost through glass as through an equal amount of wall space.; b. Close the window. Shut it! Now!; c. Could you please close the window.; d. How many windows are in your home?; Do you use double-paned glass?

ACTIVITY D-1:: Place the proper end mark at the end of each sentence below.; 1. Energy could be saved by using windows with more than one pane_____; 2. Change your windows today_____; 3. Yes_____ I knew that changing the windows would decrease the energy bill_____; 4. Will you be using low-e glass on your home_____ Does the coating on this glass really reduce the amount of heat that enters the home through window glass_____; 5. Would you please let the contractor know that you will be using gas-filled low-e windows on your new home_____ The argon used in these windows prevents heat transfer_____ Great_____; The period is an end mark that has other uses. Periods are found in the following places:; - in abbreviations; - after initials; - as a decimal point when working with numbers; The exclamation point may also be used in sentences besides commands. Any sentence that expresses sudden or strong feeling can end with an exclamation point.

ACTIVITY R-1:: Read the following paragraph. Place periods, question marks, and exclamation points where needed.; Is it possible to keep all unwanted heat from entering the home If not, there are ways to reduce heat gain inside of the home Would it be possible to use mini-blinds or insulated curtains Drapes or venetian blinds are also a possibility Please let us know what you will be using We are very concerned about energy conservation Choose your shading device Now

ACTIVITY R-2:: Write a paragraph describing how your family tries to prevent unwanted heat from entering the home.; Remember: It is best to keep heat from ever entering the home than to try to reduce the effects of heat gain once in the home.; Use sentences from all of the following types: statement, command, request, question. Use all three end marks discussed: periods, question marks, exclamation points.; Work Space:

RECOMMENDED READING:: Window Innovations, Conservation and Renewable Energy Inquiry and Referral Service, (ED-). Silver Springs, MD, 1990.; Building Energy Efficient Homes in Louisiana. Louisiana Department of Natural Resources, Baton Rouge, LA, n.d.; Low-E Glass: It's the Latest Technology in Windows. SLEMCO, Lafayette, LA, n.d.

INFORMATION CHECK: 1. List and describe four basic types of sentences.; a.; b.; c.; d.; 2. List the types of sentences that may have the following end marks.; a. Exclamation points:; b. Question marks:; c. Periods:; Place a "T" in front of the statements that are true and an "F" in front of the statements that are false.; _____1. Glass is well-insulated; therefore, more heat is lost through wall space than through glass.; _____2. A double-paned window allows less heat losses and gains than single-paned glass.; _____3. Low-E glass is not very energy efficient.; _____4. Once heat has entered through the glass, there are several options (shades, blinds) that may help reduce heat gains.; _____5. The most energy efficient method of protecting your home is to keep heat from ever entering the home.

TEACHER'S NOTES
Activity D-1:: 1. Energy could be saved by using windows with more than one pane.; 2. Change your windows today!; 3. Yes! I knew that changing the windows would decrease the energy bill.; 4. Will you be using low-e glass on your home? Does the coating on this glass really reduce the amount of heat that enters the home through window glass?; 5. Would you please let the contractor know that you will be using gas-filled low-e windows on your new home. The argon used in these windows prevents heat transfer. Great!

Activity R-1:: Is it possible to keep all unwanted heat from entering the home? If not, there are ways to reduce heat gain inside of the home. Would it be possible to use mini-blinds or insulated curtains. Drapes or venetian blinds are also a possibility. Please let us know what you will be using. We are very concerned about energy conservation. Choose your shading device. Now!

Activity R-2:: Students paragraphs will differ. Check for use of the four sentence types and the three different endmarks.

Answers to Information Check:: 1. a. Statements - This is a sentence stating fact or giving information.; b. Commands - Commands or orders tell someone what to do. Occasionally a command contains strong emotion.; c. Requests - Polite requests imply a question; the speaker does not expect an answer.; d. Questions are sentences that require answers; they may be called interrogative sentences.; 2. a. Exclamation marks: Commands or any sentence that expresses sudden or strong emotion.; b. Question marks: Questions that require an answer; also called interrogative sentences.; c. Periods: Statements, some commands, and polite requests.; True/False:; 1. F; 2. T; 3. F; 4. T; 5. T

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